포용도시 기반 청년의 사회적 인식과 청년주택 효과성 분석
Analysis of the Social Perception of Youth and the Effectiveness of Youth Housing based on Inclusive Cities
초록/요약
급격한 도시화와 1인 가구의 증가, 자녀 양육에 대한 부담 등으로 인해 저출산과 혼인 감소가 사회적 위기로 떠오르고 있다. 그 중심에 청년이 있다. 청년층의 주거 안정성과 정책 체감도는 사회 구조 전반에 대한 인식과 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. 본 연구는 포용도시 이론을 토대로 청년의 주거 관련 요인이 사회 불평등을 인식하는 데 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 분석하였다. ‘2022년 청년의 삶 실태조사’(14,918명 대상)를 활용하여 공간적·경제적·사회적·정책적 포용성 네 가지 영역의 11개 주거 변수를 독립변수로 설정해 기술통계, 순서형 로지스틱 분석, 상관관계 분석, 다중회귀분석을 사용하였다. 그 결과 11개 변수 중에서 7개의 변수가 사회 불평등 인식에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 정책적 포용성 변수가 영향을 나타냈는데 만족도와 인식 간의 괴리를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 네 가지 포용성에 맞는 국외 사례 6개와 국내 사례 2개를 분석하여 포용도시 구현에 있어 커뮤니티 기반 설계, 녹지·보행 네트워크 연결, 주거 서비스와 정책 연계가 청년의 실질 체감도를 높임을 확인한다. 이러한 사례들은 공통적으로 주거 공간이 단순한 거주 기능을 넘어, 청년의 사회적 접촉과 자율성, 제도적 포용성을 강화하는 방향으로 활용됨을 보여준다. 정책적 시사점은 세 가지다. 첫째, 전국의 233개 분포해 있는 청년센터와 주거를 인근에 연계해 청년의 일자리, 주거 상담 서비스 등을 제공함으로써 청년의 사회적 밀도를 높인다. 둘째, 3기 신도시 평균 녹지율 34%와 용적률 180~210% 계획적 요소를 활용, 청년주택 단지 설계와 직접 연결하여 보행 공간, 여가 환경을 강화한다. 셋째, 매년 손실이 나는 임대주택의 수익을 일부 보전하기 위해 지하공간이나 1층을 유료 주차장화하거나 커뮤니티 공간을 지역 주민에게 일부 저리로 개방하여 관리 재원을 확보하고 이를 커뮤니티 활성화할 수 있는 운영 프로그램에 재투자한다. 이러한 결과는 청년 주거정책이 주택보급률이 102%로 100%를 넘어선 지금, 주택공급 확대가 아닌 청년이 실제로 체감할 수 있는 주거 경험과 사회적 포용성 강화로 확장되어야 함을 보여준다. 본 연구는 향후 18만 6,000가구가 지어질 3기 신도시 중 40%가 배정된 청년주택 설계 시 공간·경제·사회·정책적 포용성을 아우르는 포용도시 지표체계 수립에 활용될 수 있다.
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초록····························································································································· ⅰ
Abstract ······················································································································· ⅲ
서문····························································································································· ⅴ
목차····························································································································· ⅵ
표 목차······················································································································· ⅸ
그림 목차··················································································································· ⅺ
1. 서론·························································································································· 1
1.1 연구의 배경 및 목적 ···················································································· 1
1.2 연구의 범위 및 방법 ···················································································· 4
2. 이론적 고찰 및 선행연구 검토·········································································· 7
2.1 포용도시 이론·································································································· 7
2.1.1 포용도시 개념··························································································· 7
2.1.2 포용도시 관련 선행연구 ····································································· 13
2.2 청년 주거정책 ···························································································· 18
2.2.1 청년 주거정책 개념··············································································· 18
2.2.2 청년 주거정책 관련 선행연구····························································· 23
3. 분석의 틀·············································································································· 28
3.1 변수 설정········································································································ 28
3.2 분석 방법········································································································ 30
4. 분석 결과 ············································································································33
4.1 응답자 특성····································································································33
4.1.1 주거유형별 특징 ·····················································································35
4.1.2 주거비 부담률 ·························································································36
4.1.3 가구 유형별 주거 특성 ·········································································38
4.1.4 연령대별 주거 특성 ···············································································39
4.1.5 지역별 주거 특성·····················································································40
4.2 다중회귀 분석 결과······················································································41
4.2.1 하위집단분석 ···························································································45
4.2.1.1 고용 형태별 회귀분석 ······································································45
4.2.1.2 정책 체감도별 회귀분석 ··································································46
4.3 LH 만족도조사 비교 ··················································································47
5. 포용도시 기반 주거 성공 사례 ······································································48
5.1 공간적 포용성 사례······················································································52
5.1.1 노르웨이 Ulsholtveine 31 ······································································52
5.1.2 독일 Paul-Zobel-Strasse Apartments ·····················································59
5.2 경제적 포용성 사례······················································································69
5.2.1 네덜란드 SET-Amsterdam ·····································································69
5.2.2 스웨덴 Ungbo 12······················································································75
5.3 사회적 포용성 사례······················································································80
5.3.1 안암생활 ···································································································80
5.3.2 맹그로브 신촌점 ····················································································· 85
5.4 정책적 포용성 사례······················································································ 90
5.4.1 미국 the AYA Housing ········································································· 90
5.4.2 캐나다 Brock Commons Tallwood House ··········································· 97
6. 결론 ···················································································································· 104
6.1 연구의 결론·································································································· 104
6.2 연구의 정책적 제언···················································································· 106
6.3 연구의 시사점······························································································ 109
참고문헌 ················································································································· 112
