검색 상세

Influence of surfactants on the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorine dioxide foam against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica

계면활성제가 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Salmonella enterica에 대한 이산화염소 거품의 항균 활성에 미치는 영향

  • Seoyoung Yoon (윤서영, 대학원 융합생명공학과 시스템식품생명공학전공)

초록/요약

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) foam in combination with various surfactants against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica. Seven surfactant solutions (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB], coco betaine, lauryl betaine, Triton X-100, and Tween 80) were initially tested for their antimicrobial activity using an agar well diffusion assay. Five of them, excluding Triton X-100 and Tween 80, exhibited inhibitory activity against both pathogens. The bactericidal efficacy of ClO2 solutions was assessed on stainless steel coupons (SSCs). Treatment of L. monocytogenes for 1 min with ClO2 (100 and 200 μg/mL) resulted in reductions of ca 0.7 and 1.2 log CFU/coupon, respectively. For S. enterica, treatment with ClO2 (100 μg/mL) for 5 min reduced populations by ca. 1.7 log CFU/coupon, while 200 μg/mL achieved sterilization (<1 CFU/coupon). The antimicrobial efficacy of surfactant foams was also investigated. Among the six surfactants (excluding lauryl betaine), CPC and CTAB foams (100 μg/mL) exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes. Against S. enterica, CPC, CTAB, coco betaine, and lauryl betaine foam (500 μg/mL) showed significant antimicrobial effects. To further compare disinfectant efficacy of foams containing an antimicrobial chemical and surfactant, the lethality of ClO2 solution, surfactant foams, and ClO2 foam containing surfactant was assessed. ClO2+SDS, ClO2+CPC, and ClO2+coco betaine foams reduced L. monocytogenes by ca. 2.2, 2.6, and 1.7 log CFU/coupon, respectively, indicating additive or synergistic effects. For S. enterica, ClO2+SDS, ClO2+coco betaine, and ClO2+lauryl betaine foams achieved reductions of ca. 3.1, 4.1, and 5.7 log CFU/coupon, respectively. In contrast, ClO2+Triton X-100 and ClO2+Tween 80 foams showed reduced efficacy compared to ClO2 solution alone. When ClO2 was combined with surfactants, its concentration decreased by ca. 10%; however, specific combinations clearly enhanced antimicrobial efficacy. These findings are the first to demonstrate the influence of surfactants on antimicrobial efficacy of ClO2 foams, providing insights for future research on developing ClO2-based and other foam sanitizers.

more

초록/요약

본 연구는 목적은 Listeria monocytogenes와 Salmonella enterica에 대해 다양한 surfactant와 결합된 chlorine dioxide (ClO2) foam 의 항균 활성을 평가하는 것이다. 먼저, 7 종류의 surfactant solution (sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS], cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC], cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB], coco betaine, lauryl betaine, Triton X-100, and Tween 80)의 항균 활성을 agar well diffusion assay를 통해 평가하였다. 그 결과, Triton X-100과 Tween 80을 제외한 5종의 surfactant solution은 L. monocytogenes와 S. enterica 모두에 대해 항균 활성을 나타냈다. 다음으로, ClO2 solution의 살균력은 stainless steel coupons (SSCs) 상에서 확인되었다. L. monocytogenes는 ClO2 solution (100 and 200 μg/mL) 로 1 분간 처리하였을 때, 각각 ca. 0.7 and 1.2 log CFU/coupon 감소되었다. S. enterica는 ClO2 solution (100 μg/mL) 로 5 분 처리 시 ca. 1.7 log CFU/coupon 감소하였고, 200 μg/mL 처리 시에는 멸균 효과 (< 1 CFU/coupon) 를 나타냈다. SSCs에 접종된 bacteria에 대한 surfactant foam의 항균 활성도 평가되었다. Lauryl betaine을 제외한 6종의 surfactant 중 CPC and CTAB foam (100 μg/mL)이 L. monocytogenes에 대해 가장 높은 항균 활성을 보였다. S. enterica에 대해서는 7종의 surfactant foam (500 μg/mL) 중 CPC, CTAB, coco betaine and lauryl betaine foam이 우수한 항균 활성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로, 항균물질과 surfactant를 병용한 foam의 살균 효과를 비교하기 위해 ClO2 solution, surfactant foam, ClO2 foam containing surfactant의 살균력을 평가하였다. ClO2+SDS, ClO2+CPC, and ClO2+coco betaine foams은 각각 L. monocytogenes를 ca. 2.2, 2.6, and 1.7 log CFU/coupon 감소시켰으며, 상가 효과 또는 상승 효과를 나타냈다. S. enterica에 대해서는 ClO2+SDS, ClO2+coco betaine, and ClO2+lauryl betaine foam 이 각각 ca. 3.1, 4.1, and 5.7 log CFU/coupon 감소 효과를 보이며, 상가 또는 상승 효과가 확인되었다. 한편, ClO2+Triton X-100 and ClO2+Tween 80 foam은 두 균주 모두에서 ClO2 solution 단독보다 낮은 살균 효과를 나타냈다. ClO2를 계면활성제와 혼합했을 때 농도는 ca. 10% 감소되었지만, 특정 조합을 사용하면 ClO2 foam의 항균 효능이 유의적으로 향상되었다. 본 연구는 surfactant 종류가 ClO2 foam의 항균 효과에 미치는 영향을 최초로 제시한 것으로, 향후 ClO2 기반의 foam sanitizer 개발에 유용한 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

more

목차

ABSTRACT i
국문 초록 iii
PREFACE v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
NOMENCLATURE x

1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Listeria monocytogenes 5
2.1.1 Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes 5
2.1.2 Listeriosis 6
2.2 Salmonella enterica 7
2.2.1 Characteristics of Salmonella enterica 7
2.2.2 Salmonellosis 8
2.3 Chlorine dioxide 9
2.3.1 Properties of chlorine dioxide 9
2.3.2 Chlorine dioxide foam 11
2.4 Surfactants 12
2.4.1 Definition of surfactants 12
2.4.2 Classification of surfactants 13
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 15
3.1 Bacterial strains and serovars 15
3.2 Preparation of treatment agents 16
3.2.1 Chlorine dioxide 16
3.2.2 Surfactants 16
3.3 Examination of inhibitory activities of surfactant solutions against bacteria using well diffusion assay 19
3.4 Antimicrobial activities of ClO2 solutions, surfactant foams, and ClO2 foams containing surfactants against bacteria on SSCs 19
3.4.1 Inoculation of bacteria onto SSCs 19
3.4.2 Treatment with ClO2 solutions, surfactant foams, and ClO2 foams containing surfactants 20
3.4.3 Determination of bacterial population 23
3.5 Changes in ClO2 concentration as affected by surfactant 23
3.6 Statistical analysis 24
4. RERULTS AND DISCUSSION 25
4.1 Examination of inhibitory activities of surfactant solutions 25
4.2 Antimicrobial activities of ClO2 solutions 28
4.3 Antimicrobial activities of surfactant foams 33
4.4 Comparative antimicrobial effects of ClO2 solution, surfactant foam, and ClO2 foam containing surfactant 41
4.5 Changes of ClO2 concentration as affected by the type of surfactant 50
5. CONCLUSION 54
REFERENCES 55

more
반출 Meta View 목록