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천연가스 배관 내 수소혼입을 위한 운영, 재료, 안전, 경제적 관점의 주요 도전과제 및 연구동향

Key Challenges and Research Trends in Hydrogen Blending into Natural Gas Pipelines: Operational, Material, Safety, and Economic Perspectives

  • 남성희 (Nam sunghee, 에너지환경대학원(그린스쿨) 에너지환경정책기술학과 신재생에너지전공)

초록/요약

수소는 탈탄소화와 기후변화 대응을 위한 핵심 에너지원으로, 천연가스 파이프라인에 수소를 혼입하여 운송하는 기술은 경제적이고 실현 가능한 수소경제 구축 방안으로 주목받고 있다. 한국은 광범위한천연가스 네트워크와 운영 경험을 통해 장거리 수소 운송의 경제적·효율적 가능성을 갖추었으나, 수소 혼입 시 파이프라인 재료와 혼합 가스의 특성 변화로 인해 안전성과 내구성이 큰 영향을 받는다. 수소혼입과 관련한 세계적인 다양한 도전과제와 연구동향을 바탕으로 주요 이슈들을 운영, 재료, 안전, 경제성 분야별로 정리했다. 주요 운영 이슈로 가스 계층화, 압력 강하, 가스 품질변화 등을 분석하였고, 재료적 관점에서 수소취성 및 장기 운영에 따른 내구성 관리의 필요성을 강조했다. 안전성 측면에서는 혼입가스의 누설, 확산, 화재, 폭발의 거동과 영향변수를 파악하여 기밀성, 누설감지, 위험성 평가관리 등 안전성 강화방안의 필요성을 강조한다. 또한 초기 투자비용뿐만 아니라 장기적 운영과 유지보수에 따른 비용 분석을 통해 경제적 비용구조를 평가하였다. 다양한 국가 실증 프로젝트와 기술 규격을 참고하되, 한국의 운영 조건에 부합하는 맞춤형 가이드라인과 안전기준 수립이 필요함을 이해하고 천연가스 인프라에 적합한 수소 혼입기준과 최적화된 운영 가이드, 통합적 안전 평가체계의 마련필요성을 제안했다.

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목차

초록······························································································································ ⅰ
Abstract ······················································································································· ⅱ
목차······························································································································ ⅳ
표 목차························································································································ ⅵ
그림 목차···················································································································· ⅶ
1. 서론·························································································································· 1
2. 메탄-수소 혼합물의 특성······················································································· 3
2.1 밀도 (Density) ··································································································· 4
2.2 열량 (Heating Values) ······················································································ 4
2.3 웨버지수············································································································· 5
2.4 줄 톰슨 계수 ··································································································· 5
3. 수소 혼입의 이점, 효과························································································· 6
3.1 온실가스 배출량 저감······················································································ 6
3.2 수소의 유망한 이송방안·················································································· 8
4. 주요 도전과제 (운영)····························································································· 9
4.1 계층화 현상 (Stratification) ········································································· 10
4.2 압력 강하 ······································································································· 11
4.3 공급가스의 품질변화 ···················································································· 12
4.4 하이드레이트의 형성 ···················································································· 13
4.5 라인팩에 미치는 영향 ·················································································· 14
5. 주요 도전과제 (재료)··························································································· 15
5.1 수소취성 ········································································································· 15
5.2 수소취성 발생 메커니즘 ·············································································· 16
5.3 수소취성 민감도 ··························································································· 17
5.4 수소취성 관련 유지보수 관점의 과제 ························································25
6. 주요 도전과제 (안전)··························································································· 28
6.1 수소누출 및 확산 ························································································· 29
6.2 화재 및 폭발 ································································································· 32
7. 주요 도전과제 (경제성)······················································································· 35
7.1 경제성 분석사례 ··························································································· 35
7.2 비용요소 분석 (자본적지출, 운영, 유지보수 비용) ··································36
8. 국내 외 수소혼입 프로젝트 동향 ····································································· 38
9. 국제 규격 (Code & Standards) ········································································· 41
10. 결론 ···················································································································· 45
참고문헌······················································································································ 48

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