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리듬 운동이 여성 노인의 체력, 염증성 사이토카인, 치매 관련 혈액 변인 및 인지 기능에 미치는 영향

Effect of Rhythmic Exercise on Physical Fitness, Inflammatory Cytokines, Dementia-Related Blood Variables and Cognitive Function in Elderly Women

  • 김다애 (Da-Ae Kim, 대학원 체육학과 체육학전공)

초록/요약

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rhythmic exercise by implementing a 20-week program consisting of three sessions per week, each lasting 60 minutes, on various factors including body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular disease related blood variables, inflammatory cytokines, dementia-related blood variables, cerebral blood flow, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and depression scale among elderly women. A total of 29 elderly women with a mean age of 71 were randomly assigned to either the exercise group (n=14) or the control group (n=15). Measurements were conducted before and after the intervention to assess body composition, blood pressure, physical fitness, blood parameters, cognitive function, cerebral blood flow, activities of daily living, and depression scale. The rhythmic exercise program consisted of 60 sessions with each session comprising a 10-minute warm-up, a 35-minute main exercise session based on aerobic step exercises suitable for the elderly according to the Korean Aerobics and Health Association manual, and a 15-minute cool-down session including brain exercises and static stretching. Brain exercises focused on improving hand-eye coordination using finger exercises. All exercises were conducted under the supervision of an exercise specialist. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, including descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, independent samples t-tests for comparing changes in exercise participation before and after the intervention, and two-way mixed measures ANOVA to analyze the effects of rhythmic exercise on various outcome measures between groups. Post-hoc tests using the Tukey method were conducted for significant differences. The statistical significance level was set at α=.05. Data collection and analysis for cerebral blood flow were performed using NIRSTI PC tool version 2.8 and NIRSIT Analysis tool version 3.7.5 (NIRSIT, OBELAB Inc, Seoul, Korea). Results showed significant interactions between group and measurement time points for body composition, including body weight and BMI (F=4.893, p=.040*; F=4.812, p=.042*), as well as for physical fitness measures, such as sit-to-stand, 2-minute step test, sit and reach, and 8-foot up-and-go test (F=12.270, p=.003**; F=5.051, p=.037*; F=30.026, p=.000***; F=9.083, p=.007**). There were significant interactions between group and measurement time points for serum lipid parameters, including TC and HDL-C (F=5.794, p=.027*; F=18.823, p=.000***). No significant interactions were found for inflammatory cytokines-related blood parameters. However, BDNF showed a significant interaction effect between group and measurement time points (F=5.342, p=.033*). DHEA-s did not show a significant interaction effect between group and measurement time points (F=1.399, p=.252), but there was a significant main effect, with the exercise group showing a significant increase post-intervention (p=.002**). For cognitive function, there was no significant interaction effect for ADAS-cog total score (F=.408, p=.531), but there was a significant main effect, with the exercise group showing a significant decrease post-intervention (p=.000***). Depression scale did not show a significant interaction effect between group and measurement time points (F=.117, p=.736), but there was a trend for a significant decrease in the exercise group post-intervention (p=.053). Changes in cerebral blood flow indicated increased connectivity strength among brain regions in the exercise group post-intervention, whereas the control group showed slightly decreased connectivity strength. In conclusion, the developed rhythmic exercise in this study improved body composition, overall physical fitness and positively influenced serum cardiovascular diseases and dementia-related blood variables among elderly women. Additionally, rhythmic exercise effectively increased connectivity strength among eight regions of the prefrontal cortex and improved cerebral blood flow, thereby enhancing cognitive function. Therefore, the rhythmic exercise conducted in this study is considered foundational evidence for maintaining and promoting the health of elderly women.

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목차

초록 ········································································································ⅰ
목차 ········································································································ⅳ
표 목차 ····································································································ⅵ
그림 목차 ·································································································ⅶ
I. 서론 ·····································································································1
1. 연구의 필요성 ······················································································1
2. 연구 목적 ····························································································6
Ⅱ. 연구 가설 ·····························································································7
1. 연구 가설 ·····························································································7
Ⅲ. 이론적 배경 ························································································9
1. 노인과 인지기능 ···················································································9
2. 유산소 운동과 염증성 사이토카인 ·························································10
3. 유산소 운동과 치매관련 혈액 변인 ························································13
4. 유산소 운동과 인지 기능 ·······································································17
5. 리듬 운동 ·····························································································18
Ⅳ. 연구 방법 ····························································································21
1. 연구 대상자 ···························································································21
2. 실험 절차 ······························································································23
3. 측정 도구 및 방법 ··················································································24
4. 리듬 운동 프로그램 ···············································································34
5. 자료 처리 ······························································································38
Ⅴ. 연구 결과 ······························································································39
1. 운동 강도 및 칼로리 소모량 ····································································39
2. 신체구성의 변화 ····················································································41
3. 체력의 변화 ··························································································44
4. 심혈관 질환 관련 혈액 변인의 변화 ························································49
5. 염증성 사이토카인의 변화 ·····································································52
6. 치매 관련 혈액 변인의 변화 ···································································53
7. 뇌 혈류량의 변화 ···················································································56
8. 인지 기능의 변화 ···················································································59
9. 설문조사의 변화 ····················································································61
Ⅵ. 논의 ·····································································································62
Ⅶ. 결론 및 제언 ························································································72
참고문헌 ····································································································75
부록 ···········································································································99

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