Effects of Macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts on growth performance and carcass traits in animals
거대조류(아스코필럼 노도섬) 추출물의 사료 첨가가 동물의 성장과 육질의 특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구
- 주제(키워드) Ascophyllum , Macroalgae , growth , performance , carcass , swine , broiler
- 발행기관 고려대학교 대학원
- 지도교수 황광연
- 발행년도 2024
- 학위수여년월 2024. 2
- 학위명 박사
- 학과 대학원 융합생명공학과
- 원문페이지 126 p
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/korea/000000277992
- UCI I804:11009-000000277992
- DOI 10.23186/korea.000000277992.11009.0000388
- 본문언어 영어
초록/요약
The overall objective in this thesis was the evaluation of Ascophyllum nodosum extract as a feed additive to improve growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass quality including evaluate effects of adipocyte and muscle deposition. The first and second study was to elucidate the mechanism of Ascophyllum nodosum extract (AE) conducted an in vitro study with a 3T3-L1 cell line and an in vivo study with an obesity mouse model. In the in vivo study with obese mice induced by a high-fat diet, dietary AE supplementation could decrease body weight without affecting feed consumption. At the end of the experiment, AE could reduce mice’s total mass, and fat mass without change in the lean mass weight, and the relative weight of gonadal fat was also significantly decreased by AE supplementation. On the other hands, the in vitro study with 3T3-L1 suggested that 0.1%, and 0.2% of AE treatments significantly suppressed adipogenesis by decrement of the gene expressions levels of lipogenesis-related genes, including SREBP-1c, PPARγ, CEBPα, FASN, LPL, HSL, ATGL, and Plin, Otherwise, 0.2% of AE treatment decreased expression levels of lipid-utilization genes, including FABP, CPT1, UCP2, and Leptin. Moreover, 0.2% of AE could increase the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK to AMPK and phosphorylated ACC to ACC. The third study was to investigate the effects of macroalgae (Ascophllum nodosum) extract (AE) on the growth performance and body composition of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were allotted to four dietary treatment groups and fed experimental diets containing different concentrations of AE for 35 days as follows: 0 mg/kg (control, CON), 1,250 mg/kg (LAE), 2,500 mg/kg (MAE), or 5,000 mg/kg (HAE). At the end of the experiment, 40 chickens were sacrificed and samples of their blood, breast muscle, liver, and abdominal fat were collected and analyzed. Growth performance was improved in the LAE group compared to that in the CON. The weight of abdominal fat was lower in the HAE group than in the CON group. Adipocytes were smaller in the HAE group than in all other treatments, and their size distribution was shifted more towards smaller adipocytes compared to those in the LAE group. Relative mRNA levels in abdominal adipose tissue of fatty acid synthase and stearyl-CoA desaturase were all downregulated by supplementation with AE. These results indicate that the macroalgae (Ascophllum nodosum) extract reduces fat accumulation in both adipose tissue and the liver by modulating lipogenesis. The final study was investigated the potential of incorporating the brown macroalgae Ascophyllum nodosum extract (AE) as a feed additive for growing-finishing pigs, aiming to enhance lean meat production and quality. Our comprehensive study involved examining the growth performance, serum biochemical markers, carcass traits, and primal cut weights of pigs fed diets supplemented with AE. The results revealed that AE supplementation significantly improved growth performance without influencing feed intake or feed efficiency. Furthermore, AE supplementation positively influenced various carcass traits, including meat pH, water-holding capacity, drip loss, and meat color, along with enhanced carcass yield and primal cut weights. The second study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of AE supplementation on pig growth and meat quality, providing valuable insights for the swine feed industry. In conclusion, The dietary supplementation with the phytogenic feed additive Ascophllum nodosum promoted and enhanced growth performance and reduced fat deposition in broiler chickens. Dietary supplementation with Ascophllum nodosum could be an effective means of reducing abdominal fat accumulation in broiler chickens without causing growth retardation, thus improving carcass quality. And, supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum to growing-finisihing pig diets promoted and enhanced growth performance without affecting feed intake and serum nutritional biochemical markers. In addition, Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation could improve meat quality before and after cook, and Ascophyllum nodosum also increase the quantity of carcass after sacrifice in every parts of the primal cut. Therefore, dietary supplementation with Ascophyllum nodosum could be an effective means of enhancement of pig meat quality and quantity. The in vivo and in vitro study revealed that AE treatment may be useful in alleviating obesity by affecting genes associated with lipid accumulation, lipogenesis and lipid utilization. AE can be used as a nutraceutical that can contribute to a healthy life such as preventing obesity. However, further studies related to exact mechanisms of interaction between Ascophyllum nodosum and livestock production will be needed.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT OF THESIS i
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES xi
LIST OF FIGURES xiii
CHAPTER 1.
Literature Review 1
1.1. ANTIBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTOR IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY 2
1.1.1. Antimicrobial growth promoter (AGP) 2
1.1.2 Alternatives of AGP 2
1.2. CARCASS QUALITY 3
1.2.1. Consumption of meat 3
1.2.2. Meat Quality 3
1.3. MACROALGAE IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY 4
1.3.1. Macroalgae application in livestock industry 4
1.3.2. Ascophyllum nodosum 5
1.3.3. Application of Ascophyllum nodosum for Ruminants 5
1.3.4. Application of Ascophyllum nodosum for Swine 5
1.3.5. Application of Ascophyllum nodosum for Poultry 6
1.4. LIPID METABOLISM IN ANIMALS 7
1.5. REFERENCES 8
CHAPTER 2.
Effect of macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts on anti-adipogenicity in 3T3-L1 cell line 14
2.1. ABSTRACT 15
2.2. INTRODUCTION 16
2.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 17
2.3.1. Preparation of samples 17
2.3.2. 3T3-L1 cell culture and adipogenesis 17
2.3.3. Cell viability assay 18
2.3.4. cDNA construction and real-time PCR 18
2.3.5. Total RNA extraction 19
2.3.6. Immunoblotting analysis and cell lysate preparation 19
2.3.7. Statistical Analysis 20
2.4. RESULTS 22
2.5. DISCUSSION 29
2.6. CONCLUSION 31
2.7. REFERENCES 32
CHAPTER 3.
Effect of macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts on growth performance and blood profile in high-fat diet-induced obesty rat model 35
3.1. ABSTRACT 36
3.2. INTRODUCTION 37
3.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 38
3.3.1. Animals and experimental design 38
3.3.2. Measurement body weight and feed intake 38
3.3.3. Measurement of dual x-ray absorptionmetry (DEXA) parameters 38
3.3.4. Serum lipid profile analysis 39
3.3.5. Statistical Analysis 39
3.4. RESULTS 40
3.4.1. Effect of AE on gaining body weight 40
3.4.2. Effect of AE on gaining body fat mass 42
3.4.3. Effect of AE on organ, tissue weight and serum lipid profile 44
3.5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 47
3.6. REFERENCES 48
CHAPTER 4.
Dietary supplementation of the macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts reduces fat deposition in broiler chickens 50
4.1. ABSTRACT 51
4.2. INTRODUCTION 53
4.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 55
4.3.1. Animals, Housing, and Treatments 55
4.3.2. Sample Collection and Measurements 56
4.3.3. Whole Body Composition 56
4.3.4. Serum Analysis 56
4.3.5. Measurement of Adipocyte Sizes and Size Distributions 57
4.3.6. Total RNA Extraction and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 57
4.3.7. Western Blot Analysis 57
4.3.8. Statistical analysis 58
4.4. RESULTS 61
4.4.1. Growth Performance and Body Composition 61
4.4.2. Tissue Weight 64
4.4.3. Serum Analysis 66
4.4.4. Adipocyte Size and Distribution 68
4.4.5. Hepatic mRNA Expression Analysis and Relative mRNA Levels in Skeletal Muscle 71
4.5. DISCUSSION 73
4.6. CONCLUSION 75
4.7. REFERENCES 76
CHAPTER 5.
Dietary supplementation of the macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) extracts improves pork quality and quantity in growing-finishing pigs 81
5.1. ABSTRACT 82
5.2. INTRODUCTION 83
5.3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 85
5.3.1. Pigs and diets 85
5.3.2. Sample Collection 85
5.3.3. Blood biochemical markers 86
5.3.4. Measurement of pig carcass traits 86
5.3.5. Measurement of primal cut weight 86
5.3.6. Statistical analysis 86
5.4. RESULTS 89
5.4.1. Growth performance 89
5.4.2. Serum biochemical analysis 91
5.4.3. Carcass traits 93
5.4.4. Carcass yield and primal cut weight 95
5.5. DISCUSSION 97
5.6. CONCLUSION 100
5.7. REFERENCES 101
ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 104
