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The relationship between morphological awareness and reading comprehension among early grade Chinese children with reading difficulties : examining partial mediation via character recognition and vocabulary knowledge

읽기 어려움을 가진 중국 초등학교 아동의 중국어형태소 인식과 읽기 이해력의 관계: 문자식별과 어휘지식을 통한 부분적 매개효과 분석연구

초록/요약

Substantial evidence revealed that morphological awareness could contribute to reading achievement in different alphabetic languages among children with and without reading difficulties. However, as the most spoken non-alphabetic language, there is a paucity of available research on Chinese reading development and impairment. This research focused on evaluating two potential intervening variables through the correlation between morphological awareness and reading comprehension. Compounding awareness, homophone awareness, homograph awareness, in addition to reading ability including character recognition, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension were assessed in this research. Controls of phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming (RAN) were also included in the model. Participants were 200 second-grade students with reading difficulties in China mainland from two elementary schools. Path analysis revealed that morphological awareness made a contribution directly to reading comprehension beyond all other paths and was mediated by character recognition and vocabulary knowledge. Furthermore, two indirect pathways emerged with a significant difference in this study. The distinctive role of morphological awareness in reading comprehension for Chinese children with reading difficulties and the potential reasons for the differences between the two indirect pathways were discussed at the end of the study.

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초록/요약

형태소인식은 독해에서 중요한 메타인식의 한 종류로 보고되어왔다. 요즘 학습장애와 형태소에 관련된 연구가 많아지고 특히 알파벳(alphabetic) 언어를 쓰는 학생을 대상으로 실시한 연구를 흔히 볼 수 있다. 하지만 가장 많이 사용되는 비 알파벳 언어인 중국어 읽기 발달과 어려움에 관한 연구가 상대적으로 적다는 한계가 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 읽기 어려움을 가진 중국 초등학년 아동들의 읽기 발달 초기 단계에서 형태소와 읽기 이해의 상호적용에 대해 살피고자 하였다. 총 200명 읽기 어려움을 가진 초등 2학년 학생이 연구에 참여하여 복합형태소 인식, 동음이의어 인식, 동형이의어 인식, 단어식별, 어휘지식, 그리고 읽기이해를 수행하였다. 다중 경로 모델의 결과를 따라 형태소 인식은 직접적으로 읽기이해에 기여하였다. 또한 형태소 인식과 읽기이해력과의 관계는 단어식별과 어휘지식의 매개영향을 받았다. 이 연구를 통해 중국어 읽기 어려움을 가진 학생들의 잠재적 독해 메커니즘을 파악하며 중국 학생을 대상으로 실시한 학습장애 및 학습 곤란 영역의 연구를 넓히였다.

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목차

ABSTRACT v
국문 초록 vii
PREFACE ix
Acknowledgments x
TABLE OF CONTENTS xi
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Necessity of the Study 1
1.2 Purpose of Study 3
1.3 Research Questions 4
CHAPTER 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 5
2.1 Characteristics of Chinese character and morphology 5
2.2 Morphological Awareness in Chinese 7
2.3 Morphological Awareness in Reading Comprehension 9
2.4 Character Recognition 10
2.5 Vocabulary Knowledge 11
CHAPTER 3. METHODS 13
3.1 Participants 13
3.2 Materials 14
Compounding awareness 14
Homophone awareness 15
Homograph awareness 15
Character recognition 16
Vocabulary knowledge 16
Reading comprehension 17
Phonological awareness 17
Rapid automatized naming (RAN) 18
3.3 Procedure 18
CHAPTER4. RESULTS 20
4.1 Preliminary Analysis 20
4.2 Testing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Morphological Awareness on Reading Comprehension 26
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION 31
5.1 Effects of Morphological Awareness on Chinese Reading Comprehension 31
5.2 Mediation Effect of Character Recognition and Vocabulary Knowledge 32
5.3 Limitation and Future Directions 35
5.4 Theoretical and Practical Implications 36
REFERENCES 38

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