고려대학교

초록/요약

This study examined the actual state of the management of the Jinsang (presenting local products to the king and royal family) system that constituted one of the elements of the tribute structure during early Joseon. This particular component, of which few details have been revealed up to recently, was assessed based on the <Wonju dohoe byeoljinsang (原州都會別進上)> prepared by the government of Gangwon Province in the 15th century and the <Bu dohoe gambonggi (府都會監封記)> prepared by the Gyeongjubu in the 16th century. No use has to date been made of these two materials in the academic sector. The former is significant in that it constitutes the earliest known materials explaining the Jinsang system of Joseon. In addition, these materials, which represent lists of the local items that were presented to the king at the local government level, help to develop an understanding of the process that were used to provide local products to the king by the local office found in Gangwon and Gyeongsang Provinces called the Dohoeso(都會所). Here, particular attention should be drawn to the fact that the considerable sum of local products listed in these two materials were presented to the central government as additional tribute items (byeoljinsang). This study focuses on the fact that the majority of the tribute items found in these two materials compiled nearly 100 years apart consisted of byeoljinsang, thus making it possible to analyze how the operation of the additional tribute system during early Joseon compares to that of the regular tribute system. The characteristics of the additional tribute system (byeoljinsangje, 別進上制) during early Joseon can be summarized as follows. First, these additional tributes, much like the monthly-based regular tribute system, were presented to the central government as spot goods that were to be inspected by the Governor, with the local government or Dohoe used as halfway point. Of particular interest is the fact that the Dohoeso, which has heretofore been ignored in studies on the operation of Jinsang system, was managed as a type of 'jinsang dohoe(進上都會)'. Second, while additional tribute items (byeoljinsang) were voluntarily provided by the local governor, the government tried to establish its control over such items much as had been the case with regular tribute items, once this became an accepted practice or convention. As such, this study was able to uncover that, much like Tagawa Kozo(田川孝三) has argued, the byeoljinsang voluntarily provided by local governors eventually became a conventional practice akin to the regular tribute items whose provision was based on the demands of the central government. Third, the byeoljinsang was, along with the regular tribute items, included in the national expenditure plan of the central government called the Hoenggan(橫看). Thus, we can surmise that the Joseon government had created a new window for expenditures for the royal family. Fourth, based on these two materials, we can conlcude that, much like the regular tribute items, the byeoljinsang was on average provided to the central government one to three times a month. As far as the background to the prolonged management of this troublesome payment system involving spot goods, the present study draws attention to the existence of a structure under which the majority of these tribute items were redistributed to officials as a type of gift(bongyeo) in the process of Jinsang. The management of the byeoljingsang system during early Joseon had undergone a qualitative change after the implementation of the Uniform Land Tax Law (Daedongbeop). The subject will be examined by the author of the present study in a future endeavor.