고려대학교

초록/요약

In the early 1909, Imperial Tour of Emperor Sunjong toward the south and northwest was carried out by the Residency-Genenral and pro-Japanese cabinet. With this event, they intended to use ‘symbolism', ‘authority' of Emperor, and Korean people's loyalty in order to pacify and alleviate Korean people's antipathy toward several policies in the name of ‘reform' and ‘civilization' tried by the Residency-General and the cabinet since Japanese protectorate in 1906, and Korean's anti-Japanese sentiment and the righteous army's struggle intensified with the forced abdication of Emperor Kojong in 1907. However, the resident-general Ito Hirobumi's intrigue of using the authority of Emperor and the Korean people's loyalty went in vain due to the expression of “anti-Japanese sentiment" and ‘patriotism' based on Korean's loyalty to their monarch, which consequences Ito didn't intend. People's loyalty to their monarch and their actions shown on Imperial tour toward the south was not much differentiated from the traditional loyalty, on the other hand, “the event of national flag" happening on Imperial tour to the northwestern region was a sort of occasion of awakening and stimulating the loyalty to the nation, that is ‘patriotism' exceeding the loyalty to the monarch. It shows the development of patriotism from the loyalty to the monarch and anti-Japanese sentiment through a symbolism of national flag that Korean people didn't follow official directions to fly Japanese national flag with Korean national flag at the reception of emperor and someone even damaged Japanese flag. There was another event, “Song Byŏnjun's lese-majesty" on the southwestern tour, which became an opportunity to awaken and express Korean people's loyalty and anti-Japanese sense as well. In addition, political conflicts and intention of several powers were inherent in the debate on loyalty and patriotism happening at the beginning and development of this event. First, making common people who still identified the monarch with nation aware of Song Byŏngjun's action as disloyalty and betrayal, confucian intellectuals and Taehanmaeilsinbo would attack pro-Japanese powers and unify anti-Japanese powers in the name of loyalty and patriotism. Furthermore, it was the “Song Byŏgjun's event" that competition and conflict of political powers like Yi Wanyong's party, Ilchinhoe and Taehanhyŏphoe who recognizing Japanese protectorate, would like to share the power with residency-general, erupted after all. The following political movement taken by Song Byŏngjun and Ilchinhoe who were faced with total exclusion from political power due to disloyalty was to promote annexation.