고려대학교

초록/요약

The present study focuses on the recognition and evaluation of King Onjo, the founder of Baekje. This study differs from previous research in that it attempts to provide a chronological analysis rather than a mere exploration of the Foundation Myth and King Onjo's achievements. It seems that the Foundation Myth centering on King Onjo was solidified as the nation's foundations were laid and Biryu(沸流) was consolidated. It is valid to assume that King Onjo is the rightful subject of the Foundation Myth because he was the king who established Baekje. During the 46 years of King Onjo's reign, a capital was designated and an imperial palace was built. In addition, the Five Bu System(5部制) was implemented ensuring local sovereignty. Although King Onjo was not able to rule the nation with a strong hand, he overcame the instability that plagued the nascent nation and forged the foundation for ruling an ancient state. In 『Samguksagi(三國史記)』, it is recorded that the subject of the Foundation Myth is indeed King Onjo and that he was the one who established Baekje. This recognition was reinforced through historical records in the period of King Geunchogo(近肖古王) and this recognition was retained and passed on to subsequent generations. It is speculated that King Onjo was portrayed as a mystical King and nation founder with supernatural powers. However, after Baekje was destroyed by Silla(新羅), Silla reinterpreted the history of Baekje and recast the portrayal of King Onjo by omitting mention of his supernatural powers. King Onjo, as described in 『Samguksagi』 Baekje-Bonki(百濟本紀), was not only skilled at hunting but also was described as having outstanding military prowess. According to Koryo Dynasty(高麗王朝) records which recorded the history of the Three Kingdoms, the history of Baekje is not dealt with much compared to Koguryu(高句麗) and Silla. Despite this neglect, King Onjo, as the founder of Baekje, has been highly evaluated. In the Joseon Dynasty(朝鮮王朝), research regarding the history of Baekje was insubstantial. In the time of King Sejong(世宗) the burial ground of King Onjo was situated in Jigsan and in King Injo's(仁祖) time, a memorial temple was erected at Namhansanseong(南漢山城) where rituals and ceremonies were held. However, a temple named Soongleul(崇烈) which finally paid proper respect to King Onjo was not constructed until late into the Three Kingdoms period during King Jeongjo'(正祖)s reign. The Sirhak scholars(實學者) of the late Joseon Dynasty were interested in research concerning the Three Kingdoms period. However, research on the history of Baekje and the Three Kingdoms was not continuously carried out and various historical materials were destroyed in the wake of several wars. So it was inevitable that the Sirhak scholars were limited in their research of the history of Baekje.