고려대학교

초록/요약

The study purpose of this paper was to seek and propose Korean-style educational environments as a plan to improve educational environments of the present schools through the analysis and consideration of location and outdoor space of Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon(書院)-secondary educational institutions in the regional districts of the Joseon Dynasty. As a scope of the study, 40 Hyanggyos(鄕校), 25 Seowons(書院), and 20 present high schools were selected, and documentary and on-site surveys were conducted. For Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon(書院), whether or not they satisfy Baesanimsu(背山臨水), the conditions have been investigated centering around the regional maps of year 1872 from the Old Map possessed in the Gyujanggak(奎章閣) Institute of Seoul National University, and Jwahyang(坐向) study and the mountain/water/direction analysis of location have been conducted with paecheol(佩鐵), while the height and horizontal distance of geographical objects such as Jusan(主山), Ansan(案山) and left/right mountain ranges surrounding the Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Sewon(書院) have been analyzed by GIS. Whether each Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon was located at a Gilji(吉地) has been clarified by putting the analysis result for each item together. In addition, the current status of facilities existing at the outdoor space of the Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon(書院) has been looked into Furthermore, in order to examine the location environment of the current high schools, the views, Jwahyang(坐向), accessibility, topology, and the present status of utilization zone around the schools for the selected schools have been looked into and the sound level for each school has been measured for the purpose of grasping the current situations of each selected school. Based on the results of the above investigation and analysis, the following conclusions have been drawn out; As a result of the analysis on the satisfaction of Baesanimsu(背山臨水) condition for the location of Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon(書院) through the Old Map, 85% of the Hyanggyo(鄕校) and 76% of the Seowon(書院). In the Jwahyang(坐向) survey, in case of Hyanggyo(鄕校), satisfactory Jwanyang(坐向) were 77.5%, while in case of the Seowon(書院), the figures showed 48%, respectively, which are lower than those of Hynaggyo(鄕校). According to the analysis result by GIS on the conditions, including the height where the Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon(書院) are situated, the height Myeongyun-dang(明倫堂) was 93m, Jusan(主山) 205m, Jwacheongryong(左靑龍) 104m, Ubaekho(右白虎) 121m and Ansan(案山) 146m. In case of Seowon(書院), the lecturing hall was 92m, Jusan(主山) 261m, Iwacheongryong(左靑龍) 111m, Ubaekho(右白虎) 106m and Ansan(案山) 178m. Looking into old monumental trees planted at each space, in case of Hyanggyo(鄕校), it showed that ginkgo tree(Ginkgo biloba) at the lecturing space for 49%, Chinese juniper tree(Juniperus chinensis) at the sacrificial space for 79%. In case of Seowon(書院), on the other hand, it has turned out Japanese apricot tree(Prunus mume) at the lecturing space for 86%, common crape-myrtle(Lagerstroenia indica) at the sacrificial space for 68%. At the outdoor space of the Hyanggyo(鄕校) and Seowon(書院) buildings, there were Seongsaengdae(省牲臺), Jeongnyodae(庭療臺), Gwanasedae(盥洗臺), Mangnyodae(望療臺), stone monument(碑石), etc. as facilities needed for events, and Bangji-shaped Jidang(池塘) was developed around most of lecturing space or pavilion.