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IDB의 낮은 EMI 실현을 위한 인버터 모터 구동시스템의 노이즈 저감 방식

  • 윤상원 (대학원 전기전자전파공학과 전자전기컴퓨터공학전공)

초록/요약

Nowadays, the mega trends of automobiles are green(eco-friendly), safe, and intelligent car. Technology for reducing fuel consumption and technology for electric cars and hybrid cars are being developed for green car. And preventive safety, accident avoidance, collision safety are being developed and applied for safe vehicles. Autonomous vehicles are also being studied for the convenience of the driver and intelligent car. According to these mega trends, automobiles are becoming more and more electronicized, and it means the proportion of ECU and motors increases in vehicles. Due to their high performance, especially, electrical components with Pulse Width Modulation and a motor are being used in automotive systems. However, this increases the electromagnetic interference that affects electronic components in and the performance of automotive systems, making it more difficult to satisfy the standard of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic issues. With the evolution of internal combustion engines to electric vehicles(EVs), several changes are required, one of which is the braking system. The conventional vacuum brake amplifies the pedal pressure using a vacuum generated by the engine. However, since EVs have no such engine, the conventional vacuum brake is no longer applicable. For this reason, an integrated dynamic brake (IDB) system was developed. However, in an IDB system, the PWM inverter fed-AC motor drive is used for the operation of the piston, which suffers from the common-mode voltage problem. The common mode voltage generates electro-magnetic interference (EMI) noise, causing interference with other electronic equipment. Consequently, EMI may seriously degrade the stability and reliability of the IDB system, which is directly related to driver safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study approaches to reduce EMI noise from the IDB system, and it is imperative to ensure stability, reliability, and robustness of the IDB system against EMI. To solve the EMC problems in the design phase, detailed SPICE modeling is essential. In this paper, a detailed circuit of a motor driven system is proposed. The model is valid in the radio frequency range from 100 kHz up to 30 MHz. Moreover, this model takes into account the impedance effect in the chassis ground of the motor frame. For verification, the simulation results and measurement results are compared. A strong correlation between the SPICE model and the actual object is exhibited. To cope with the common mode voltage problem in PWM inverter fed-AC motor drives, many researchers have proposed various methods. Hardware approaches include common-mode chokes, 4-phase inverters, and passive / active filters. The software approaches include the switching pattern modification of conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM) for the reduction of the common mode voltage. Using these approaches known as reduced common mode voltage (RCMV) PWM, the common mode voltage is reduced from ±Vdc/2 of the CSVPWM to±dc/6. Unlike hardware approaches, the software approaches do not need an additional part in the system. Thus, it is more attractive in terms of mounting space, fuel efficiency, and economy. The final objective of this research is the reduction of EMI by applying the new AZSPWM for the IDB system. In this study, we evaluated the output phase current, common mode voltage, and EMI performance under a wide load torque range. From the experimental results and analysis, we confirmed that the EMI noise reduction using the new AZSPWM is valid in all load torque regions of the IDB system.

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목차

제 1 장 서 론 1
1.1 연구 배경 및 동향 1
1.2 연구 목적 및 방법 7
1.3 논문의 구성 10

제 2 장 3상 인버터 모터 시스템에서의 EMI 노이즈 발생과 저감 기술 11
2.1 전자파 간섭의 정의 11
2.1.1 전도방출과 복사방출 12
2.1.2 자동차에서의 전자파 간섭 13
2.1.3 전자파 노이즈의 종류 14
2.1.4 3상 인버터 모터 시스템에서의 EMI 노이즈 발생 16
2.2 EMI 필터 대책 20
2.2.1 EMI 필터의 노이즈 저감 원리 21
2.2.2 EMI 필터의 종류 22
2.3 EMI 노이즈 발생원과 경로에 대한 대책 24
2.3.1 EMI 노이즈 발생원에 대한 저감 대책 24
2.3.2 EMI 노이즈 경로에 대한 저감 대책 29
2.4 공통모드 전압 감소 위한 스위칭 방식 31
2.4.1 AZSPWM 기법 32
2.4.2 RSPWM 기법 34
2.4.3 NSPWM 기법 35

제 3 장 제안된 EMI 저감 기법 및 시뮬레이션 38
3.1 Proposed AZSPWM 기법 38
3.1.1 공통 모드 전압 39
3.1.2 스위칭 횟수 41
3.1.3 전압 선형성 44
3.1.4 출력 리플 전류 45
3.2 시뮬레이션 결과 47
3.2.1 상전류 47
3.2.2 공통 모드 전압 50

제 4 장 시스템 구성과 제어기 설계 52
4.1 IDB 시스템 소개 52
4.1.1 제동 장치의 발전 52
4.1.2 IDB 시스템의 구성 및 동작 원리 56
4.1.3 IDB 시스템의 PMSM 구동부 및 제어 58
4.2 IDB 시스템과 PMSM 모델링 63
4.2.1 동기 전동기 벡터 제어 63
4.2.2 전류 제어기 설계 67
4.2.3 시뮬레이션 모델 69
4.3 IDB 시스템의 EMI 시뮬레이션 모델 72
4.3.1 PMSM의 기생성분 모델 73
4.3.2 IDB PCB, 모터 하우징, 커넥터의 기생성분 모델 77
4.3.3 시뮬레이션 정합성 확인 79

제 5 장 실험 결과 80
5.1 IDB 시스템 셋업 및 측정장비 80
5.2 출력 상전류 82
5.3 상전류 FFT 84
5.4 공통 모드 전압 86
5.5 EMI Test 87
제 6 장 결론 90

참고 문헌 93

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