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NCA is Shallow Anaphora

초록/요약

This paper deals with the classification of Null Complement Anaphora (NCA). NCA has been regarded as a deep anaphora according to Hankamer & Sag's (1976) framework, which is further supported by Depiante's argument. In order to support their argument, they examine several tests for distinguishing anaphora. In English, however, NCA shows some characteristics that are not harmonious with the established properties of deep anaphora. I discovered that English NCA allows sloppy reading of the elided elements, which is typical evidence for an internal structure of the ellipsis site. In other words, English NCA appears to have a surface anaphoric property (cf. Hankamer & Sag 1976) as well as deep anaphoric characteristics. Such a neutral status of English NCA is analogous to do so anaphora, which is also reported to have both deep and surface anaphoric properties according to Kim (2010), In line with Kim (2010), as a shallow anaphora (Kim 2010), which refers to an intermediate status between deep anaphora and surface anaphora. In addition, this paper also explores Korean NCA. In contrast to the case of English NCA, Korean NCA appears to be purely deep anaphoric.

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목차

1 Introduction 1
2 The Properties of Anaphora 2
3 What is NCA 6
3.1 Deep Anaphoric Properties of NCA 10
3.1.1 Pragmatic Antecedents 10
3.1.2 Syntactic Parallelism 12
3.1.3 Missing Antecedents 13
3.1.4 Extraction Possibility 15
3.2 Surface Anaphoric Properties of NCA 17
4 Sloppy Identity and Bound Variable Anaphora 20
4.1 Bound Variable Anaphora 20
4.2 Hojis Claim 22
4.2.1 Lexical Requirement Test 24
4.2.2 Local Disjointness Test 26
5 Korean NCA 28
6 Conclusion 35
REFERENCES 38

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