경기 지역어의 음운론적 연구
A Study on the Phonology of Gyeonggi Areal Language
초록/요약
The purpose of this study is to research on the synchronic phonology of Gyeonggi Areal Language which is used in Yongin, Hwaseong, Pocheon, Paju, Yangpyeong, Icheon, Ganghwa in Gyeonggi-do. (hereafter referred to as "this areal language"). In other words, this study aims to understand the overall synchronic phonological phenomena of this areal language by identifying the phonemic inventory, underlying forms of stems and endings, and the phonological processes in which those underlying forms of stems and endings are integrated, as well as phonological rules which govern those processes. To achieve this purpose, the phonemic inventory of this areal language was identified in Chapter 2. As a result, it was found that the phonemic inventory of this areal language consisted of 20 consonantal phonemes (/p, p', ph, m; t, t', th, n, l, s, s'; č, č', čh, k, k', kh, ŋ; ʔ, h/), 2 glide phonemes(/y, w/) and 10 short-vowel and/or long-vowel phonemes(/i(:), e(:), ɛ(:), ü(:), ö(:), ɯ(:), ʌ(:), u(:), o(:), a(:)/). In Chapter 3, discussions were made over setting the underlying forms of stems and endings. The list of stem-final and ending-initial morphophonemes is the core in identifying the synchronic phonology of a language systematically. Such differences in the list of stem-final and ending-initial morphophonemes make the differences of the phonology in dialects. In this sense, Chapter 3 has high significance. According to stem-final and ending-initial morphophonemes, underlying forms of inflecting stems and endings can be patterned as follows; (1) The single underlying form of stem is divided into eight types. They are ① conjugation stems which finish in single consonant /X{p, ph, t, th, s, s', č, čh, k, k', ʔ, h m, n, l}-/, ② declension stems which finish in single consonant /X{p, ph, s, č, čh, k, k', kh, m, n, ŋ, l}-/, ③ conjugation stems which finish in consonant cluster /X{nč, nh, lp, lth, lk, lh, lm, ps'<Yongin, Hwaseong, Pocheon, Paju, Yangpyeong, Icheon>, ps<Ganghwa>}-/, ④ declension stems which finish in consonant cluster /nʌks-(魂)<Hwaseong, Ganghwa>, saks'-(賃金)<Paju, Yangpyeong, Icheon>, nʌks'-(魂)<Pocheon, Paju, Yangpyeong, Icheon>, kaps'-(價)/, ⑤ conjugation stems which finish in single vowel /X{i, e, ɛ, ü, ö, ɯ, ʌ, u, o, a}-/, ⑥ declension stems which finish in single vowel /X{i, e, ɛ, ü, ö, ʌ, u, o, a}-/, ⑦ conjugation stems which finish in diphthong /k'we-(貫)<Hwaseong, Icheon, Ganghwa>, K'wi-(貫)<Pocheon, Paju, Ganghwa>, and ⑧ declension stems which finish in diphthong /X{ya, ye, yʌ, yu, yo, we, wɛ, wa}-/. (2) The complex underlying form of stem is divided into fifteen types. There are ten types in conjugation; /X{p-u}-/ type, /X{u-ɯ}-/ type, /X{t-lʔ}-/ type, /(X)h{a-ɛ}-/ type, /X{ah-a-ɛ}-/ type, /X{h-∅}-/ type<Yangpyeong, Ganghwa>, /X{p-∅}-/ type <Hwaseong, Paju, Ganghwa>, /X{∅-l}ɯ-/ type, /t{ö-we}-(化)/, and /nu{h-∅}-(尿)/ <Hwaseong, Pocheon, Paju, Yangpyeong, Icheon>. There are five types in declension; /X{čh-th}/ type, /č{e-ʌ}/(我), /n{ɛ-a}/(我), /ph{s-čh}/(赤豆) <Icheon>, /na{s-č}/(晝)<Pocheon, Ganghwa>. Finally in chapter 4, I discussed phonological processes and rules on the basis of the results of chapter 3. The phonological processes are divided into alternation, deletion, addition and contraction. In this areal language, there are eight alternations, which are ① non-plosive consonantalization ② glottalization (ⓐglottalization after stops, ⓑglottal ization of /s/ after glottals ⓒglottalization after nasals), ③ consonant assimilation (ⓐnasalization, ⓑvelarization), ④ vowel assimilation (ⓐfront-high vowelization, ⓑrounded vowelization, ⓒcomplete progressive assimilation of ending initial /ʌ/, ⓓcomplete progressive assimilation of ending initial /ɯ/), ⑤ liquidization, ⑥ /ʌ/→/a/ in ending initial, ⑦ glidization, ⑧ short-vowelization. And there are three deletions, ⑨ deletion of consonant (ⓐdeletion of glottals, ⓑ simplification of consonant cluster, ⓒdeletion of liquid), ⑩ deletion of glide, ⑪ deletion of vowel(ⓐ deletion of stem final /ɯ, ʌ, a/, ⓑ deletion of ending initial /ɯ/ (⒜/ɯ/ deletion in open syllable ⒝/ɯ/ deletion in closed syllable) and one addition, ⑫ y addition, and two contraction ⑬ aspiration (ⓐaspiration of ending initial stops, ⓑaspiration of stem final stops), and ⑭ glottalization. Among these phonological processes, ①, ②ⓐ, ③ⓐⓑ, ④ⓑ, ⑪ⓑ⒜ are common to conjugation and declension. Whereas there are a lot of type in conjugation, which are ②ⓑⓒ, ④ⓐⓒⓓ, ⑤~⑩, ⑪ⓐ, ⑪ⓑ⒝, ⑫, ⑬ⓐ, ⑭, only ⑬ⓑ can be found in declension. This says that almost all of phonological processes happen in conjugation. Among these phonological processes, those noticeable in this areal language are ③ⓑ, ④ⓐⓑ, ⑥. Key words: phonemic inventory, underlying form, unique underlying form, complex underlying form, conjugation, declension, phonological process, phonological rule, alternation, deletion, addition, contraction
more목차
1. 서론
1.1. 연구목적
1.2. 선행연구
1.3. 연구자료
1.4. 이론과 연구방법
1.5. 논의의 구성
2. 음소체계
2.1. 자음체계
2.2. 단(單)모음체계
2.3. 활음체계와 이중모음체계
3. 어간의 기저형
3.1. 용언 어간의 기저형
3.1.1. 자음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.1.1.1. 단일 자음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.1.1.2. 자음군으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.1.2. 모음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.1.2.1. 단(單)모음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.1.2.2. 이중모음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.2. 체언 어간의 기저형
3.2.1. 자음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.2.1.1. 단일 자음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.2.1.2. 자음군으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.2.2. 모음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.2.2.1. 단(單)모음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형
3.2.2.2. 이중모음으로 끝나는 어간의 기저형 4. 음운과정과 음운규칙
4.1. 교체
4.1.1. 평파열음화
4.1.2. 경음화
4.1.3. 자음동화
4.1.3.1. 비음화
4.1.3.2. 연구개음화
4.1.4. 모음동화
4.1.4.1. 전설고모음화
4.1.4.2. 원순모음화
4.1.4.3. 어미초의 /어/의 완전 순행동화
4.1.4.4. 어미초 /으/의 완전순행동화
4.1.5. 유음화
4.1.6. 어미초의 ‘어’의 ‘아’화
4.1.7. 활음화
4.1.8. 단(短)모음화
4.2. 탈락
4.2.1. 자음탈락
4.2.1.1. 후음탈락
4.2.1.2. 자음군 단순화
4.2.1.3. 유음탈락
4.2.2. 활음탈락
4.2.3. 모음탈락
4.2.3.1. 어간말 ‘으’, ‘어’, ‘아’의 탈락
4.2.3.2. 어미초 ‘으’의 탈락
4.3. 첨가: /y/첨가
4.4. 축약
4.4.1. 유기음화
4.4.2. 경음화
5. 결론
<참고 문헌>
