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Quantum Communication and Quantum Teleportation using Inter- and Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement

  • 허진오 (Heo, Jino, 정보경영공학전문대학원 정보경영공학과 정보보호전공)

초록/요약

In the present, for the exchange information between users, the communication protocols are needed with the security and efficiency of messages. Therefore, the new methods are being researched in the overcoming drawbacks of classical methods (based on classical physics or computational complexity). In this point of view, since C. H. Bennett proposed the quantum key distribution (QKD), using quantum phenomena in 1984, the various quantum communication and quantum information processing schemes have developed, recently. Quantum entanglement, which only exists in quantum physics, is significantly utilized in quantum communication schemes and quantum information processing schemes. The existing quantum communication and quantum information processing mainly employ the standard entanglement between the identical degrees of freedom of the particles or photons. However, another entanglement (hybrid entanglement), which is correlated between the different degrees of freedom, is researched in the theoretical and experimentally, and then it is efficiently applied to quantum communication schemes and quantum information processing schemes. In this paper, we propose that quantum information processing schemes transfer the unknown states of photons between users (Alice and Bob) using intra-particle hybrid entanglement which is correlated with the path and polarization in a single photon. First, we present the unidirectional quantum transmission that Bob reconstructs the transferred unknown photon by Alice. Then, based on unidirectional quantum transmission, we present the expansion of simultaneous quantum transmission and teleportation and bidirectional quantum teleportation schemes (bidirectional quantum communication) in which both Alice and Bob simultaneously become the message sender and receiver. Also, we propose the feasible quantum multi-qubit gates via cross-Kerr nonlinearities (XKNLs), photon detections and feed-forwards for the experimental implementation of the proposed schemes (unidirectional quantum transmission, simultaneous quantum transmission and teleportation, and bidirectional quantum teleportation). In conclusion, we propose the schemes which transfer and teleport the unknown photons between users (unidirectional and bidirectional quantum communication) using intra-particle hybrid entanglement via photonic multi-qubit (controlled-unitary) gates by XKNLs.

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목차

1. Introduction 1

2. Unidirectional Communication 6
2.1 Information Transmission 6
2.1.1 Information Transmission of Classical Data 6
2.1.2 Information Transmission of Quantum Data 8
2.2 Quantum Information Transmission 9
2.2.1 Quantum Entanglement 9
2.2.1.1 Inter-particle Entanglement 9
2.2.1.2 Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement 10
2.2.2 Quantum Teleportation 13
2.2.2.1 Quantum Teleportation using Inter-particle Entanglement 13
2.2.2.2 Quantum Teleportation using Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement 15
2.2.3 Quantum Transmission 20
2.2.3.1 Quantum Transmission using Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement 20
2.2.3.2 Comparison of Quantum Teleportation and Quantum Transmission using Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement 23

3. Bidirectional Communication 26
3.1 Bidirectional Quantum Communication 26
3.1.1 Bidirectional Quantum Teleportation using Inter-particle Entanglement 26
3.2.1 Bidirectional Quantum Communication using Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement 30
3.2.1.1 Simultaneous Quantum Transmission and Teleportation 30
3.2.1.2 Bidirectional Quantum Teleportation using Intra-particle Hybrid Entanglement 37

4. Controlled-unitary gates via Cross-Kerr Nonlinearity (XKNL) 45
4.1 Controlled-unitary gate via XKNL, Homodyne Detector, and Feed-forwards 45
4.1.1 Controlled-unitary gate via XKNL and X-Homodyne Detector 46
4.2.2 Controlled-unitary gate via XKNL and P-Homodyne Detector 55

5. Conclusion 65

References 69

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