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Comparitive Analysis of Nutrient elements Concentration Circulating Root and Tuber Crops in Korea

  • 김지연 (Kim, Ji Yeon, 대학원 생명공학과 식품공학전공)

초록/요약

It is not properly set standards for risk and safety for compared to the trend of increasing demand root and tuber crops. Also, a comparison and analysis of nutrient elements concentrations circulating each root and tuber crops in Korea have not been reported. This study aimed at analysing concentrations of nutrient elements including calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), zinc(Zn), manganese(Mn), nickel(Ni), copper(Cu) and chromium(Cr) and heavy metals including cadmium(Cd), arsenic(As), lead(Pb) and mercury(Hg) in commonly consumed root and tuber crops species in Korea. Root and Tuber Crops were purchased in the various markets of Seoul, Gangneung, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju and Busan in Korea. In case of potato and sweet potato, it is not properly set standards for edible portion that their peels were edible portion or not. So, contamination level in potato and sweet potato was evaluated by analyzing portion which were separated into whole portion and inside one. Target root and tuber crops were selected for nutrient elements by National Nutrition survey estimated synthetically. Due to this, we assessed faithfully safety and risks and calculated %PTWI consider intake of Korean based on JECFA and National Nutrition Survey. The samples digested by a microwave system and analyzed for Cr, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb, As by using ICP-MS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer), for Ca, Mg by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer), for Zn, Mn by AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) and for Hg by using DMA (Direct Mercury Analyzer). In consequence of analysis for nutrient elements, the average concentration was Cr 0.138 ± 0.081mg/kg the highest in yacon, Ni 0.231 ± 0.161 mg/kg the highest in sweet potato, Ca 30.21 ± 2.995 mg/kg the highest in taro, Mg 53.66 ± 0.013 mg/kg the highest in sweet potato, Mn 3.588 ± 2.448 mg/kg the highest in sweet potato, Zn 3.541 ± 1.173 mg/kg the highest in taro. In heavy metals, that is harmful elements, Cd average concentration in taro was 0.014 ± 0.007 mg/kg was the highest, Pb in sweet potato was 0.012 ± 0.010 mg/kg was the highest, As in yam was 0.008 ± 0.006 mg/kg was the highest and Hg in sweet potato was 1.073 ± 0.813 µg/kg was the highest. In targeted different portion that whole portion and inside portion in sweet potato and potato, it is substantially similar except some elements, Ca average concentration in whole part was 54.04 ± 7.693 mg/kg higher than inside part in sweet potato. Zn was 1.607 ± 1.266 mg/kg in inside part higher than whole part in potato. In heavy metals, Pb and As were at double the concentration more than inside portion in sweet potato and potato. Hg average concentration in inside part was 2.1 times higher than whole part in sweet potato and whole part was two times higher than inside portion in potato. This study, evaluated the results of nutrient elements analysis, and risk assessment of samples with heavy metals was assessed based on provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The highest %PTWI was Cd 2.290% Pb 0.530% Hg 0.120% under two years of age but it had low risk. Consequently, these results indicated that risk of heavy metals through root and tuber crops consumption was negligible. Sweet potatoes have the highest PTWI among the root and tuber crops analyze and compare the PTWI by the regional targets in all age groups. Through these results, this study verify that depending on the sweet potatoes grown region and on the environment of the be cultivated soil, vary the amount of heavy metals. According to amount of heavy metals, vary risk assessment. Each regional differences are significant up to 5.4 times but harmful possibility to health is very low. So, intake of sweet potatoes is very safe.

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CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES III
LITERATURE REVIEW IV
ABSTRACT IX

I. INTRODUCTION 1

II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4
1. Sample Preparation 4
1-1. Reagents 4
1-2. Sample 5
2. Sample Digestion Procedure for nutrient elements 7
3. Analysis Procedure 8
3-1. ICP-MS Procedure 8
3-2. ICP-OES Procedure 10
3-3. AAS Procedure 11
3-4. Gold amalgamation(DMA) Procedure 12
4. Quality Control 13
5. Risk Assessment 13


III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 14
1. Limit of Detection (LOD) and Quantitation (LOQ) 14
2. Analytical Results of Internal and External Quality Control 14
3. Consequence of Analysis for Nutrient elements 16
4. Risk Assessment 20

IV. CONCLUSION 28

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 30
REFERENCE 32

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