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Cluster Development in Manufacturing Industry

초록/요약

The matter of establishing and effectively running an industrial cluster is being considered to be one of the most important concepts of industrialization to most developing and the developed countries in the modern world. It is, indeed, a means of achieving more prosperity and stability through active and vibrant industrial base economic development and income generation. Clusters are concerned with coordinated industrial development in the atmosphere of competitiveness and greater productivity, especially in the current times of globalizations and international trade; and in a world with the concept of resource movement and reallocation of multinational corporation (MNC). Thus, the cluster approach system of industrialization a necessity for both trade and industrial policy spheres. Ghana has adopted the cluster systems through the establishment of Ghana Free Zone Enclave. This study focuses on Ghana Export Processing Zone’s (EPZ) platform in connection with its impact on Ghanaian economy and policy contribution over time. In doing so the study observed on critical factors that makes cluster successful in view of governance and policy. The study has found that Ghana runs a unique industrial cluster/EPZ system. The Ghanaian’ case combines both manufacturing and services sector together and is a more private-led initiative. It has all provisions necessary for smooth operations of sound EPZ, yet much result need to be derived. What it lacks is the corresponding micro and macro-economic fundamentals which have a bearing on firm’s successes. The cost and benefits of industrialization based on cluster development is applied by comparative cost and benefits analysis/theory established the factors necessary for cluster performance: locational advantage/choice, incentive packages, infrastructure, investment climate, policy implications, players (government and private) and timing. In carrying out the study, data was obtained from secondary sources. These comprise scholarly writings about the topic and most significantly are data pertaining to general clusters and industrial village’s initiative (case studies) and policy wise. Other data was obtained from Governmental and International Agencies whose work relates to industrial development, and trade promotion. It provided trends and significant of the study, especially on specific case studies among others.

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목차

I. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Question 3
1.3 Significance of Study 3
1.4 Plan of Study (Structure) 4
II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ON CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT 6
2.1 Theory on Cluster Initiative 6
2.2 Theory on Cluster Location 7
2.3 Theory of Clusters Effects on Productivity and Employment Generation 11
2.3.1 Effects on Productivity 11
2.3.2 Effects on Employment Generation 13
III DATA COMMENTARY AND METHODOLOGY 15
IV EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND THE DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL CLUSTERS 17
4.1 Success Story in Existing Clusters 17
4.1.1 Mauritius Clusters: Textile and Clothing Industry, Mauritius 18
4.1.2 Industrial Districts and Rural Industrial Clusters in China: The Wenzhou Model, China 21
4.2 The Role of Policy in Cluster Development 23
4.3 Determinants of successful clusters and Factors Necessary for Zone Performance 24
4.3. 1. Zone Administration, Infrastructure and Incentives 26
V CASE STUDY: GHANA FREE ZONES ENCLAVE (GFZE) 28
5.1 Background 28
5.1.1 Evolution of Ghana Free Zone Enclave 30
5.1.2 Current situation of Ghana Free Zone Enclave 32
5.1.3 Occupancy Structure of Tema Enclave 35
5.2 Analysis on Cluster Initiative 36
5.3 Analysis on Location Choice 37
5.4 Analysis on Clusters effects on Productivity and Employment Generation 39
5.5 Analysis on Incentives and Infrastructure 43
VI. CONCLUSION 46
6.1 Summary on key findings 46
BIBLIOGRAPHY 49
WEBSITES 51

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