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비인지적 능력과 지위획득의 관계에 관한 통합연구 : 청년취업자를 중심으로

초록/요약

The purpose of this mixed methods sequential explanatory study is to explore the relationship between non-cognitive abilities and status attainment of young employees. In the first quantitative phase, the main focus of this study is to identify the effect of non-cognitive abilities on young employees' status attainment. In pursuing the main focus, this study reviews the variables such as parental socio-economic status, SAT score, overseas language course experience, high school friends relationship, employment-oriented private tutoring experience and job match in order to find out the structural relationship among them. In addition, gender difference in this structural relationship is investigated. The data used in this phase are Youth Panel data from Korean Employment Information Service(KEIS), and the SEM(Structural Equation Modeling) is employed for the statistical analysis. Next, in the qualitative case study analysis, 5 Personnnel Managers from 5 conglomerates in South Korea are carefully selected and interviewed. This case study is undertaken to describe the context of the meaning of non-cognitive abilities in more detail. Major findings of this mixed methods study can be summarized as follows. First, the results of the quantitative analyses show that non-cognitive abilities have strong positive influence on socio-economic status of young employees. Although the size of the effect is smaller than that of SAT Score, it is likely that the more young employees have non-cognitive abilities such as diligent, challenged, service minded, flexible and independent job attitude, the higher they attain socio-economic status. However, the other findings show that employment-oriented private tutoring experience did not guarantee better socio-economic status, whereas overseas language course experience and job match do. This study also reveals that gender and class gaps in status attainment lead to the possibilities of social inequalities in Korean society. Another finding in this phase is that non-cognitive abilities have more strong influence on male group than on female one. In other words, non-cognitive abilities in male group are more likely to increase the possibility of higher socio-economic status. Second, in the case study analysis, two major themes symbolically explaining the meaning of non-cognitive abilities in the large firms are emerged: (1) 'an Answer for the society without answers', which is sub-categorized by 'as a screening,' 'as useful traits,' and 'as adjusting skills,' (2) 'as a real story rather than as a myth in the success at the workplace. Through these metaphorical descriptions, the reason why individuals' non-cognitive abilities are required to enter a working place like a large firm and the way how they contribute to individuals' successful working life are clearly understood. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative findings from the two phases of this study highlight the importance of non-cognitive abilities in the successful working life. In this sense, the current school policy oriented in improving cognitive abilities among students should be shifted to the direction of developing their non-cognitive abilities. Also, this study provides other implications and recommendations related to current school policy and policy-makers. Key words: Non-cognitive abilities, Status attainment, Young employees, Gender gaps, Class gaps, Mixed methods study

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목차

Ⅰ. 서론 1
1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
2. 연구 문제 9

Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 10
1. 비인지적 능력에 대한 이해 10
가. 비인지적 능력의 개념 10
나. 비인지적 능력의 하위 특성 13
다. 비인지적 능력 효과의 맥락의존성 15
라. 비인지적 능력의 교육사회학적 의미 20
마. 비인지적 능력의 결정요인 23
2. 비인지적 능력과 지위획득 34
가. 지위획득의 개념과 주요 연구 모형 34
나. 지위획득에 관한 주요 이론 35
다. 지위획득을 결정하는 제 요인들 38
라. 지위획득의 주요 매개요인으로서 비인지적 능력 요인 49

Ⅲ. 연구방법 54

1. 통합연구방법 54
2. 양적 연구방법 56
가. 데이터 및 표본 56
나. 변인 설정 및 연구모형 59
다. 분석 방법 및 결측치 처리 65
3. 질적 연구방법 67
가. 자료수집 및 연구절차 69
나. 연구대상 대기업과 면담제공자 선정 70
다. 연구의 분석 및 해석방법 74
라. 연구의 타당성 및 신뢰성 75
Ⅳ. 연구결과 및 논의 78
1. 비인지적 능력과 지위획득의 관계에 관한 양적 연구결과 78
가. 기술통계 및 상관관계 분석 78
나. 가정배경별 집단 간 차이 검증 81
1) 가정배경에 따른 인지적․비인지적 능력 차이 검증 81
2) 가정배경에 따른 취업관련 지원 차이 검증 83
3) 가정배경에 따른 본인의 지위획득 차이 검증 85
다. 구조방정식 모형 분석 87
1) 전체 연구대상 분석 88
2) 남녀 집단별 비교분석 109
2. 비인지적 능력의 의미에 관한 질적 연구결과: 대기업 사례 124
가. 답이 없는 사회의 답 125
나. 성공 신화 아닌 성공 실화 134

Ⅴ. 요약 및 결론 138
1. 요약 138
2. 결론 145

[참고문헌] 149
[부록] 분석데이터의 결측제거 이후 모수추정 결과 171
ABSTRACT 172


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