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Research on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) Application in Beijing

  • Zixing Dai (정책대학원 도시및지방행정학과)

초록/요약

As the capital city of China, Beijing has been attracting great influx of people coming across the country. Among all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions with population nearly 10 million, Beijing has one of the fastest demographic increases. Facing huge pressure coming with population increase, Beijing’s urban development shows in-adaptation in terms of city spatial planning, traffic planning and other relevant aspects. City of endless expansion and sprawl development, confusion of urban functional areas, traffic congestion, and the over-utilization of a large number of private motor vehicles, all cause Beijing trapped in a "bottleneck" in its development processing. Transit-oriented development (TOD), begins to be popular to examine the possibility of implementation in order to tackle the urban problems, especially traffic congestion resulting from the disconnect between urban development and transportation. The paper will analyzes whether TOD planning factors identified from foreign case studies can be applied to Beijing. On the basis of analyzing the Beijing’s characteristics and comparison to the successful experience from the other cities, the paper brings up the appropriate suggestions to help Beijing to establish its own TOD mode.

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목차

CHAPTER 1 FOREWORD 1
1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1
2 RESEARCH QUESTIONS OF THIS THESIS 2
3 METHODOLOGY 3
4 DISSERTATION STRUCTURE 3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
1. DEFINITION OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT 5
2. "3D" FACTORS OF TOD MODE 6
3. OTHER KEY COMPONENTS IN TOD MODE 7
(1) Urban spatial structure 7
(2) Land use 9
(3) Travel behavior 10
(4) Environmental Protection 11
(5) Social Equity 11
(6) Travel costs 13
(7) Parking demands 14
CHAPTER 3 WHY TOD MODE NEEDS TO BE APPLIED TO BEIJING 15
1. BEIJING’S FACTS 15
2. BEIJING CITY MASTER PLAN 16
3. BEIJING’S DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES ON URBAN PLANNING AND SPATIAL LAYOUT 17
4. BEIJING’S DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES ON THE ON-ROAD TRAFFIC ISSUES 20
(1) Beijing’s environment issues 20
(2) The vehicle population in a large quantity leads to the serious traffic issues 21
(3) Low services level of public transportation 26
5. BEIJING’S DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES ON THE METRO SYSTEMS ISSUES 27
(1) The development processing of Beijing’s metro systems 27
(2) The distribution of the metro systems, as well as the stops 28
(3) The TOD Mode initiative in a metro system in Beijing 28
6. BEIJING’S DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND CHALLENGES ON THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR PEDESTRIAN AND CYCLING 30
7. TRAVEL BEHAVIORS OF THE CITIZENS ON THE BASIS OF CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STATUS 30
8. BEIJING, AS A DEVELOPING CITY, URGENT TO SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION--TOD MODE 31
(1) Fulfill the urban development needs 31
(2) Fulfill the development of urban transportation needs 31
(3) Fulfill the social equity needs 32
CHAPTER 4 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE TOD APPLICATION IN SEOUL AND HONGKONG 33
1. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TOD APPLICATION IN SEOUL 34
(1) Seoul’s facts 34
(2) TOD application in the on-road traffic issues 35
(3) TOD application in the metro system issues 36
(4) TOD application in land use and spatial adjustment 36
2. COMPARATIVE STUDY ON TOD APPLICATION IN HONG KONG 38
(1) Hong Kong’s facts 38
(2) Hong Kong’s TOD Mode initiatives 38
3. COMPARISON IN SEOUL, HONG KONG AND BEIJING 40
4. CONCLUSION 43
CHAPTER 5 LOCALIZATION ANALYSIS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR TOD
IMPLEMENTATION IN BEIJING 44
1. LOCALIZATION ANALYSIS ON WHETHER THE APPLICATION OF TOD IN BEIJING IS FEASIBLE 44
(1) Beijing’s actual characteristics match the TOD Mode argues 44
(2) Beijing’s master plan creates the possibility to TOD application 44
(3) The results of TOD application in Seoul and Hong Kong, expect to bring Beijing obviously benefits 45
2. THE TENTATIVE IDEAS ON TOD MODE FOR BEIJING’S SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 46
(1) Guiding on the optimization of old town spatial structure 46
(2) Promoting the rapid and diverse development of the city’s new urban area 47
(3) Optimizing the construction of transportation infrastructure 48
3. SOME SUGGESTIONS ON IMPLEMENTING TOD MODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEIJING’S RAIL TRANSIT 49
(1) Developing a sound and viable financing policy on rail transit with externality 49
(2) Strengthening cooperation and coordination between different entities and institutions 50
(3) Improve the service of rail transit51
(4) Reasonable and practicable land-control policy 51
4. SOME SUGGESTIONS ON IMPLEMENTING TOD MODE COMBINE WITH BEIJING AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEIJING’S ITS SYSTEM 51
5. SOME SUGGESTIONS ON OPTIMIZING THE EXISTING FACILITIES WITH NECESSARY TRANSFORMATION, TO CHANGE THE RESIDENTS’ TRAVEL BEHAVIORS 53
(1) Easy access of destination 54
(2) Easy access of public transit system 55
(3) Easy access of transfer 55
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 57
REFERENCE 59

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