The Faster, The Better? : Strategic Order of Entry and Technological Applicability in Patent Pool
- 주제(키워드) order of entry , competition , technological applicability , royalty , innovation performance , resource dependence theory , organizational ecology , real options reasoning , patent pool
- 발행기관 고려대학교 대학원
- 지도교수 김언수
- 발행년도 2010
- 학위수여년월 2010. 2
- 학위구분 박사
- 학과 일반대학원 경영학과
- 세부전공 경영관리 전공
- 원문페이지 104 p
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/korea/000000021843
- 본문언어 영어
- 제출원본 000045607855
초록/요약
Competitive environment is always riddled with uncertainties. How should firms move against competition in a highly uncertain situation? Should they take the initiative and move first or faster than the competitors, or should they wait until more information becomes available? Considering the trend of fierce competition in capturing opportunities from the pool of technological possibilities, order of entry into the technology domain should be of great importance. Under different level of uncertainty, how would the effect of order of entry on innovation performance differ over the technological evolution process? In strategy, marketing, and economics literature, the effect of order of entry in terms of market entry has drawn much research attention. What is peculiar, however, is that order of entry in R&D activities ？ especially a firm？s patenting activities ？ over technology evolution process has remained largely under-researched. Such lack of research effort is more evident in the empirical area. In other words, most research has examined order of entry in product-market domain, whereas few studies in technology domain. This study empirically examines the effect of order of entry in technology domain under different level of uncertainty by conceptualizing ？preemptive patenting timing？ as a proxy of order of entry. This study employs resource dependence, population ecology perspective, and real options reasoning in order to predict the relationship between order of entry, competition, and technological performance. We argue that early entry has a positive impact on technological applicability and royalty under high uncertainty. On the other hand, under low uncertainty, late entry would have a positive relationship with innovation performance. Moreover, we investigate the dynamic model of competition over technology evolution process. Based upon the theoretical perspective of density-dependence, real options reasoning, and rivalry, we suggest the curvilinear relationship during highly uncertain period and a negative relationship during low uncertainty period. We also suggest that order of entry and competition have different interaction effects on innovation performance depending upon the level of uncertainty. To test our hypotheses, we examined the effect of order of entry on technological applicability as the main dependent variable and royalty as the auxiliary dependent variable in the context of technology standard-setting competition, using a patent database of DVD disc included in the DVD patent pools. Period before the patent pool formation was operationalized as high uncertainty period, while period after was treated as low uncertainty period. Our results show that the effect of order of entry is different by the time of patent pool formation when the technological and market uncertainty are inflected. During pre-patent pool formation, early entry has a positive relationship with technological applicability and royalty. On the other hand, during post-patent pool formation, late entry has a linear and positive relationship with technological applicability and royalty. Unlike the effect of order of entry, the effect of competition presents inconsistent results between technological applicability and royalty. Contrary to our expectation, during pre-patent pool formation, the linear and positive effect of competition on technological applicability can be explained by applying legitimacy effect and the attractiveness of technology domain based on real options reasoning. On the other hand, post-patent pool formation, competition has a linear and positive relationship with technological applicability, and an inverted U-shaped relationship with royalty. Regarding the interaction effect between order of entry and competition, we had mixed results. The first hypothesis predicting that the positive effect of early entry on technological applicability increases with the density of competition under high uncertainty was not supported. When royalty was used the dependent variable, however, the coefficient was significant but in the opposite direction from the hypothesis. The other hypothesis predicted the positive effect of late entry on innovation performance would decrease with the density of competition under low uncertainty. This hypothesis was supported with respect to both technological applicability and royalty.
more목차
I. Introduction 1
1. Problem Statement 1
2. Research Purpose 4
II. Theoretical Background 10
1. Literature Review 11
1. 1 Order of Entry and Performance 11
1. 2 Preemptive Patenting 13
2. Theoretical Perspectives of This Study 14
2. 1 Resource Dependence Perspective 15
2. 2 Organizational Ecology Perspective 18
2. 3 Real Options Reasoning 19
III. Hypotheses 21
1. Order of Entry and Technological Applicability under Different Level of Uncertainty 22
2. Competition and Technological Applicability under Different Level of Uncertainty 26
3. Moderating Effect of Competition on the Relationship between Order of Entry and Technological Applicability 30
IV. Context of the Study: DVD Standard and Patent Pool 31
1. Birth of DVD Standard. 32
2. Competition for DVD Player Standard 32
3. Competition for DVD Recorder Standard 34
4. Implications of DVD Standard-setting Competition 35
5. Process of Standardization and Standardization Strategy 35
6. Process from Patenting to Licensing through Patent Pool 36
7. DVD Patent Pool and Licensing Strategy 39
7. 1 Meaning of Patent Pool 39
7. 2 Why Patent Pool is Needed 39
7. 3 Advantages and Drawbacks of Patent Pool 40
7. 4 DVD Patent Pool and Licensing Agency 41
1) DVD 7C 41
2) DVD 4C 42
V. Method 45
1. Sample and Data Sources 45
2. Data Structure and Points of Variable Measurement 47
3. Measuring and Verifying the Assumption about the Technological Uncertainty surrounding the Patent Pool Formation 49
4. Dependent Variables: Innovation performance in patent pool 51
5. Explanatory Variables 52
6. Control Variables 52
7. Model Specification 54
VI. Results and Discussion 59
1. Examining and Correcting Sample Selection Bias 65
2. Results of Hypotheses Testing 67
VII. Conclusion 72
1. Summary of the Study 72
2. Implications 74
3. Limitations and Future Directions 76
